Modal

A modal is a dialog that focuses the user's attention exclusively on an information via a window that is overlaid on primary content.

    SourceTheme source@chakra-ui/modal

Import#

Chakra exports 7 components to help you create any modal dialog.

  • Modal: The wrapper that provides context for its children.
  • ModalOverlay: The dimmed overlay behind the modal dialog.
  • ModalContent: The container for the modal dialog's content.
  • ModalHeader: The header that labels the modal dialog.
  • ModalFooter: The footer that houses the modal actions.
  • ModalBody: The wrapper that houses the modal's main content.
  • ModalCloseButton: The button that closes the modal.
import {
  Modal,
  ModalOverlay,
  ModalContent,
  ModalHeader,
  ModalFooter,
  ModalBody,
  ModalCloseButton,
} from '@chakra-ui/react'

Usage#

When the modal opens:

  • focus is trapped within the modal and set to the first tabbable element.
  • content behind a modal dialog is inert, meaning that users cannot interact with it.
function BasicUsage() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Open Modal</Button>


      <Modal isOpen={isOpen} onClose={onClose}>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>


          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3} onClick={onClose}>
              Close
            </Button>
            <Button variant='ghost'>Secondary Action</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Control Focus when Modal closes#

When the dialog closes, it returns focus to the element that triggered it. Set finalFocusRef to change the element that should receive focus when the modal closes.

function ReturnFocus() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  const finalRef = React.useRef(null)


  return (
    <>
      <Box ref={finalRef} tabIndex={-1} aria-label='Focus moved to this box'>
        Some other content that'll receive focus on close.
      </Box>


      <Button mt={4} onClick={onOpen}>
        Open Modal
      </Button>
      <Modal finalFocusRef={finalRef} isOpen={isOpen} onClose={onClose}>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>


          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3} onClick={onClose}>
              Close
            </Button>
            <Button variant='ghost'>Secondary Action</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Block Scrolling when Modal opens#

For accessibility, it is recommended to block scrolling on the main document behind the modal. Chakra does this by default but you can set blockScrollOnMount to false to allow scrolling behind the modal.

function BasicUsage() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()


  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Open Modal</Button>


      <Modal blockScrollOnMount={false} isOpen={isOpen} onClose={onClose}>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Text fontWeight='bold' mb='1rem'>
              You can scroll the content behind the modal
            </Text>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>


          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3} onClick={onClose}>
              Close
            </Button>
            <Button variant='ghost'>Secondary Action</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Focus on specific element#

Chakra automatically sets focus on the first tabbable element in the modal. However, there might be scenarios where you need to manually control where focus goes.

Chakra provides 2 props for this use case:

  • initialFocusRef: The ref of the component that receives focus when the modal opens.
  • finalFocusRef: The ref of the component that receives focus when the modal closes.

If you set finalFocusRef, internally we set returnFocusOnClose to false so it doesn't return focus to the element that triggered it.

function InitialFocus() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()


  const initialRef = React.useRef(null)
  const finalRef = React.useRef(null)


  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Open Modal</Button>
      <Button ml={4} ref={finalRef}>
        I'll receive focus on close
      </Button>


      <Modal
        initialFocusRef={initialRef}
        finalFocusRef={finalRef}
        isOpen={isOpen}
        onClose={onClose}
      >
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Create your account</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody pb={6}>
            <FormControl>
              <FormLabel>First name</FormLabel>
              <Input ref={initialRef} placeholder='First name' />
            </FormControl>


            <FormControl mt={4}>
              <FormLabel>Last name</FormLabel>
              <Input placeholder='Last name' />
            </FormControl>
          </ModalBody>


          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3}>
              Save
            </Button>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Cancel</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Close Modal on Overlay Click#

By default, the modal closes when you click its overlay. You can set closeOnOverlayClick to false if you want the modal to stay visible.

function ManualClose() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()


  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Open Modal</Button>


      <Modal closeOnOverlayClick={false} isOpen={isOpen} onClose={onClose}>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Create your account</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody pb={6}>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>


          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3}>
              Save
            </Button>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Cancel</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Make modal vertically centered#

By default the modal has a vertical offset of 3.75rem which you can change by passing top to the ModalContent. If you need to vertically center the modal, pass the isCentered prop.

If the content within the modal overflows beyond the viewport, don't use this prop. Try setting the overflow behavior instead.

function VerticallyCenter() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()


  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Trigger modal</Button>


      <Modal onClose={onClose} isOpen={isOpen} isCentered>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>
          <ModalFooter>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Close</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Changing the transition#

The Modal comes with a scale transition by default but you can change it by passing a motionPreset prop, and set its value to either slideInBottom, slideInRight, scale or none.

function TransitionExample() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={onOpen}>Open Modal</Button>
      <Modal
        isCentered
        onClose={onClose}
        isOpen={isOpen}
        motionPreset='slideInBottom'
      >
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>
          <ModalFooter>
            <Button colorScheme='blue' mr={3} onClick={onClose}>
              Close
            </Button>
            <Button variant='ghost'>Secondary Action</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

If the content within the modal overflows beyond the viewport, you can use the scrollBehavior to control how scrolling should happen.

  • If set to inside, scroll only occurs within the ModalBody.
  • If set to outside, the entire ModalContent will scroll within the viewport.
function ScrollingExample() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  const [scrollBehavior, setScrollBehavior] = React.useState('inside')


  const btnRef = React.useRef(null)
  return (
    <>
      <RadioGroup value={scrollBehavior} onChange={setScrollBehavior}>
        <Stack direction='row'>
          <Radio value='inside'>inside</Radio>
          <Radio value='outside'>outside</Radio>
        </Stack>
      </RadioGroup>


      <Button mt={3} ref={btnRef} onClick={onOpen}>
        Trigger modal
      </Button>


      <Modal
        onClose={onClose}
        finalFocusRef={btnRef}
        isOpen={isOpen}
        scrollBehavior={scrollBehavior}
      >
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={15} />
          </ModalBody>
          <ModalFooter>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Close</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Pass the size prop if you need to adjust the size of the modal. Values can be xs, sm, md, lg, xl, or full.

function SizeExample() {
  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  const [size, setSize] = React.useState('md')


  const handleSizeClick = (newSize) => {
    setSize(newSize)
    onOpen()
  }


  const sizes = ['xs', 'sm', 'md', 'lg', 'xl', 'full']


  return (
    <>
      {sizes.map((size) => (
        <Button
          onClick={() => handleSizeClick(size)}
          key={size}
          m={4}
        >{`Open ${size} Modal`}</Button>
      ))}


      <Modal onClose={onClose} size={size} isOpen={isOpen}>
        <ModalOverlay />
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Lorem count={2} />
          </ModalBody>
          <ModalFooter>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Close</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Making other elements Inert#

When the modal is open, it is rendered within a portal and all its siblings have aria-hidden set to true so the only thing screen readers see is the modal. To disable this behavior, set useInert to false.

Prevent focus trapping#

By default the modal, alert dialog and drawer locks the focus inside them. Normally this is what you want to maintain accessibility standards.

While strongly discourage this use case due to the accessibility impacts, there are certain situations where you might not want the modal to trap focus.

To prevent focus trapping, pass trapFocus and set its value to false.

Styling the backdrop#

The backdrop's background by default is set to blackAlpha.600, but if you want to achieve a different style you can also use the backdrop style props, like backdropBlur, backdropBrightness, backdropContrast, backdropHueRotate, backdropInvert, and backdropSaturate. To use these style props, you'd have to set the backdropFilter prop to auto.

Please be aware that not every browser supports the backdrop-filter CSS property, the example below included.

The filter property will have no effect on the background because the Modal is rendered within a Portal. This mean you can only style components within the Modal by using this property.

function BackdropExample() {
  const OverlayOne = () => (
    <ModalOverlay
      bg='blackAlpha.300'
      backdropFilter='blur(10px) hue-rotate(90deg)'
    />
  )


  const OverlayTwo = () => (
    <ModalOverlay
      bg='none'
      backdropFilter='auto'
      backdropInvert='80%'
      backdropBlur='2px'
    />
  )


  const { isOpen, onOpen, onClose } = useDisclosure()
  const [overlay, setOverlay] = React.useState(<OverlayOne />)


  return (
    <>
      <Button
        onClick={() => {
          setOverlay(<OverlayOne />)
          onOpen()
        }}
      >
        Use Overlay one
      </Button>
      <Button
        ml='4'
        onClick={() => {
          setOverlay(<OverlayTwo />)
          onOpen()
        }}
      >
        Use Overlay two
      </Button>
      <Modal isCentered isOpen={isOpen} onClose={onClose}>
        {overlay}
        <ModalContent>
          <ModalHeader>Modal Title</ModalHeader>
          <ModalCloseButton />
          <ModalBody>
            <Text>Custom backdrop filters!</Text>
          </ModalBody>
          <ModalFooter>
            <Button onClick={onClose}>Close</Button>
          </ModalFooter>
        </ModalContent>
      </Modal>
    </>
  )
}

Accessibility#

Keyboard and Focus Management#

  • When the modal opens, focus is trapped within it.
  • When the modal opens, focus is automatically set to the first enabled element, or the element from initialFocusRef.
  • When the modal closes, focus returns to the element that was focused before the modal activated, or the element from finalFocusRef.
  • Clicking on the overlay closes the Modal.
  • Pressing Esc closes the Modal.
  • Scrolling is blocked on the elements behind the modal.
  • The modal is rendered in a portal attached to the end of document.body to break it out of the source order and make it easy to add aria-hidden to its siblings.

ARIA#

  • The ModalContent has aria-modal set to true.
  • The ModalContent has aria-labelledby set to the id of the ModalHeader.
  • The ModalContent has aria-describedby set to the id of the ModalBody.
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